地质灾害的非线性数据处理与建模技术   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  

许强  黄润秋 《山地学报》2000,18(Z1):123-127

本文简略地介绍了几种地质灾害数据处理与建模的非线性方法,主要包括GMDH自组织建模技术、神经网络方法。GMDH是一种高阶非线性回归建模方法,它是以简单的二元二次回归方程为基础,通过"代复一代"的"生产"过程,客观、自动地求得实际资料的非线性模型。而神经网络则是用工程技术手段模拟生物神经网络的结构特征和功能特征的一类人工系统。与常规统计方法相比,神经网络最突出的优点为它是通过对网络的学习和训练,来掌握变量之间的非线性关系。因此,其处理复杂问题的能力更强大。实例检验效果表明,这些非线性数据处理与建模技术考虑了地质灾害问题的非线性特性,其比基于常规统计理论的数据处理方法的精度要高得多。  相似文献   

隧道掘进中掌子面前方岩石结构的超前预报     

薛建  曾昭发  王者江  田钢 《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2000,30(1):87-89,97

以地球物理勘探方法进行隧道掘进中前方岩石结构的超前预报,具有快捷、准确和实时处理及显示的优点。通过该方法可及时、详细地了解开挖掌子面前方岩石结构情况,为施工单位合理安排施工进度和减少工程隐患提供依据。以吉林省白山市石碑岭隧道掘进中所进行的超前预报为例,介绍了地质雷达和地震反射波法在这一领域里的应用。  相似文献   

A new scheme for numerical modelling of flow and transport processes in 3D fractured porous media     

Andrés Peratta  Viktor Popov 《Advances in water resources》2006

The objective of this work is to develop a new numerical approach for the three-dimensional modelling of flow and transient solute transport in fractured porous media which would provide an accurate and efficient treatment of 3D complex geometries and inhomogeneities. For this reason, and in order to eliminate as much as possible the number of degrees of freedom, the fracture network, fractures and their intersections, are solved with a coupled 2D–1D model while the porous matrix is solved independently with a 3D model. The interaction between both models is accounted for by a coupling iterative technique. In this way it is possible to improve efficiency and reduce CPU usage by avoiding 3D mesh refinements of the fractures. The approach is based on the discrete-fracture model in which the exact geometry and location of each fracture in the network must be provided as an input. The formulation is based on a multidimensional coupling of the boundary element method-multidomain (BEM-MD) scheme for the flow and boundary element dual reciprocity method-multidomain (BE-DRM-MD) scheme for the transport. Accurate results and high efficiency have been obtained and are reported in this paper.  相似文献   

Finite difference modeling of contaminant transport using analytic element flow solutions     

James R. Craig  Alan J. Rabideau 《Advances in water resources》2006

The two-dimensional implementation of the analytic element method (AEM) is commonly used to simulate steady-state saturated groundwater flow phenomena at regional and local scales. However, unlike alternative groundwater flow simulation methods, AEM results are not ordinarily used as the basis for simulation of reactive solute transport. The use of AEM-simulated flow fields is impeded by the discrepancy between a continuous representation of flow and a typically discrete representation of transport, and requires translation of the flow solution to a discrete analog. This paper presents a variety of methods for analytically calculating conservative discrete water fluxes and integrated components of the dispersion tensor across cell interfaces. An Eulerian finite difference method based on these AEM-derived parameters is implemented for use in simulation of 2D (vertically averaged) solute transport. This implementation is first benchmarked against existing methods that use standard finite difference flow solutions, then used to investigate the effects of an inaccurate discrete water balance. It is shown that improper translation of AEM fluxes leads to significant water balance errors and inaccurate simulation of contaminant transport.  相似文献   

Transient analysis of wave propagation in non‐homogeneous elastic unbounded domains by using the scaled boundary finite‐element method     

Mohammad Hossein Bazyar  Chongmin Song 《地震工程与结构动力学》2006,35(14):1787-1806

The scaled boundary finite‐element method has been developed for the dynamic analysis of unbounded domains. In this method only the boundary is discretized resulting in a reduction of the spatial dimension by one. Like the finite‐element method no fundamental solution is required. This paper extends the scaled boundary finite‐element method to simulate the transient response of non‐homogeneous unbounded domains with the elasticity modulus and mass density varying as power functions of spatial coordinates. To reduce the number of degrees of freedom and the computational cost, the technique of reduced set of base functions is applied. The scaled boundary finite‐element equation for an unbounded domain is reformulated in generalized coordinates. The resulting acceleration unit‐impulse response matrix is obtained and assembled with the equation of motion of standard finite elements. Numerical examples of non‐homogeneous isotropic and transversely isotropic unbounded domains demonstrate the accuracy of the scaled boundary finite‐element method. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

南海北部陆坡古地貌特征与13.8Ma以来珠江深水扇   总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12  

柳保军  袁立忠  申俊  连世勇  何敏  庞雄  舒誉  彭大钧 《沉积学报》2006,24(4):476-482

综合利用层序地层学和地球物理方法对珠江口盆地白云凹陷13.8 M a以来沉积古地貌进行了分析。通过对南海珠江深水扇系统分布及其独特的沉积特征和层序充填演化规律的分析,得出在13.8 M a以来层序发育过程中,凹陷位于宽阔陆架向海盆变迁的陆坡区,北部发育两种类型的峡谷水道,向南海盆方向逐渐变得宽缓;盆地的古地貌背景、物源和气候变化为其主控因素的结论。同时,13.8 M a以来南海北部陆坡深水区的沉积具有明显的继承性特点,现今的海底峡谷发育特点基本反映了整体的沉积背景。结果表明,白云凹陷13.8 M a以来的深水沉积受海平面相对变化的影响相对较弱,主要受古地貌背景及其变迁的控制,沉积具有继承性,与现今的沉积面貌非常相似。  相似文献   

南海西部夏季冷涡的季节变化特征   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

兰健  洪洁莉  李丕学 《地球科学进展》2006,21(11):1145-1152

基于美国海军的空间分辨率为0.5°×0.5°月平均的GDEM(Generalized Digital Environmental Model )三维温盐资料，采用P Vector方法，计算了南海西部夏季冷涡及附近海域的三维环流，分析了此冷涡的水平结构和垂向结构及其季节变化规律。结果表明南海西部夏季冷涡所占据的海域为一上升流区，对应的是低温区和气旋式环流，其温度场具有明显的垂向层化结构，冷涡随深度增加而减弱。冷涡中心在上层靠近越南沿岸，在温跃层以下有离岸的趋势。此冷涡具有明显的季节性变化：在5、6月份冷涡开始形成，其范围达到110.75°E，最大切向流速为8 cm/s；在7、8月份冷涡达到强盛，其范围向东扩展至112.50°E，冷涡中心也向东移至(110.50°E，13.25°N)，最大切向流速增加为30 cm/s；在9、10月份冷涡开始衰减。  相似文献   

北京市城近郊区地下水的环境同位素研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2  

王新娟  谢振华  李世君  崔亚莉  邵景力 《地学前缘》2006,13(1):205-210

应用环境同位素方法,研究北京城近郊区地下水演化规律。沿北京市永定河冲洪积扇地下水流动方向取样15组(D、18O、T、14C及全分析),对所取水样进行D、18O、T、14C分析,并确定地下水同位素年龄。运用地下水14C和T含量在垂向和水平方向变化的结果,验证了地下水的流向并计算了地下水的流速变化范围为5·02~62·63m/a,从山前至平原浅层地下水径流速度逐渐变小,反映了地下水水平径流强度逐渐减弱,地下水交替逐渐变差;浅层孔隙水以垂向交替为主,深层孔隙水以水平径流为主。对地下水D、18O之间的关系进行分析,从而判断地下水的补给来源等。  相似文献   

探测未爆炸弹的地球物理技术综述   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

曲赞  李永涛 《地质科技情报》2006,25(3):101-104

采用综合地球物理勘查技术探测未爆炸弹(UXO)具有快速、定位准确和成本低廉的优势.综述了国内外广泛应用的地面高精度磁测法、电磁法以及地质雷达和微重力法在探测UXO中的特点和效果,介绍了国外航空磁测法及航空电磁法探测UXO的进展,并根据某些探测实例阐述了在具体实施过程中应注意的技术问题;提出了适合中国UXO探测的一些措施和建议.  相似文献   

青藏高原羌塘盆地二维地震数据采集方法试验研究   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  

卢占武  高锐  匡朝阳  贺日政  李鹏武  朱军 《地学前缘》2006,13(5):382-390

羌塘盆地地表地质条件复杂,地震资料信噪比低,取得高质量的地震剖面存在很大困难。为了改善这一问题,我们通过50km长的二维反射地震试验剖面,初步探索出一套适用于羌塘地区地震资料采集的方法技术。研究对比表明,合理加大接收排列,采用有效深井、药量,添加适当大炮与适当延长记录长度等措施能够在该地区获得较丰富的地下反射信息。从试验处理的剖面看,该施工方式是合理的、有效的。  相似文献